The question of who has or should have the responsibility to protect Africa preoccupies my studies on contemporary issues on the continent and is especially relevant to recent developments in Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Congo, and the Central African Republic. I often refer to an essay titled Who is protecting Africa: Sovereignty, Validation, and Africa’s International Relations on this blog because the assignment for the essay helped me to identify African political theory and "war/peace studies" as areas in the larger African development discourse of particular interest to me. In the essay, I assert that because the sovereignty of African states, both internal (relation betw een states and its citizens) and external (inter-state relations), is at the very least contested, at the extreme, viewed as nonexistent, and largely believed to be fragile and/or weak, the question of who protects African lives, livelihoods, and the environment continues to be pertinent to developments...